Picture telegraphy



VMaly 14, 1929. F, CREED 1,713,266

PICTURE TELEGHAPHY Filed Feb. 17. ,192e z sneetssheet 1 May 14., F, CREE-D l 1Q7l3g266 PICTURE TELEGRAPHY sued Feb. 17, 1926 2 sheets-sheet 2 Patented May v14, 1929.

UNITED STATES,

PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK GEORGE CREED, OF "CROYDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO 'CREED AND COMPANY LIMITED, A COMPANY F GREAT BRITAIN.

PICTURE TELEGRAPHY.

Application led February 17, 1926, Serial No.

This invention relates to improvements 'in that-method or reproducingata distance, a picture, drawing or other representation, (hereinafter referred to generically as a picture) correspon-ding substantially to an original or master picture, by the aid of telegraphy, which consists broadly in traversing the various parts of the original picture by exploring means and causing the varying character of such partsof the picture in`relation to the character of the medium carrying the picture, tocontrol an electric circuit in such manner as to vary the HOW of current therethrough in accordance with the Varying character of the different parts of the picture, and utilizing such variation of current How to punch `in a telegraphic tape, a series of holes according to a predetermined code, represcntbe carried out in a better and more certain manner than heretofore and by means that shall be comparatively snnplein construction and more certain and effective 1n operation and in which the use of electric relays, solen'joids or electro-magnets for operating the grec of density, or to the' different character of the picture,'at different parts thereof in relation to the medium bearing the picture, to var v the resistance of an electric circuit and then utilizing the resultant variation in current strength Ito move through the aid of electro-magnetic means, an arm or equivalent device to corresponding varying positions and 88,861, and in Great BrtainvFeliruary 24, 1925.

-utilizing the varying positions of the said arm or equivalent deviceto control mechanically,l the operation of tape perforating apparatus and produce in a tape or equivalent, perforations according to a predetermined code, depending upon a selected number of degreesfin density or tones in the picture to suit the degrees of perfection required in the reproduction of the picture. The tape thus perforated is then utilized to telegraph -by land o r cable lines, or by Wireless means, in any known or suitable Way, electric-impulses or s1gnals,-- ac co rding to tlieperforation in the tape, to telegraphic receiving apparatus adapted to utilize such impulses or signals, to operate or to control printingapparatus comprising printing pins or points 4adapted to reproduce on a sheet .of paper, a prepared Wood block or other medium, moved, it may be, in asimilar manner to the picture, a series of dots representing, as-to size or density and position, la picture corresponding with the original picture. Or the said electric impulses or signals can be used tooperate telegraph receiving apparatus adapted to perforate a second tape in accordance With the first one, the second perforated tape being afterwards utilized to operate or control printing apparatus of the kind mentioned, or

to rei-transmit corresponding electric impulses or signals to receiving and printing apparatus at another station.

The rays of energy used may be light rays or heat rays and act respectively upon a light sensitive medium, for instance a selenium cell, or upon a `heat sensitive medium such as metal' or alloy' having a high temperature coetlicientof resistance, for instance a belonieter, associated in Veach case With an electric circuit -provided With means for setting up anelectriccurrent therein so that according to the varying or different action of tlie rays upon such sensitive medium, avariable or intermittent current Will How therein due to the varying nature of the picture.

Aswill lbe obvious, the invention can be carried intol practice in various Ways. It is specially adapted `for the reproduction .of photographic negatives or positives and the like vmounted on a transparent base-or carrier. l The gradations ofcurrent in the electric circuit referred to will vary with the varying degrees of density of the picture. The number of different code signals ema ployed to represent different values of the electric current will depend upon the degree of detail or perfection required in the reproduced picture. Thus, in such a reproduced picture there may be one, two, three, four, or more series of dots of different sizes, each corresponding to a different signal. Assuming for instance that the reproduced picture is to be built up of dots of six different sizes, then the total variation in the strength of the current set up in the electric circuit when the apparatus is in use, will in effect be divided into six degrees or stages by mechanica-l means, the strongest current corresponding y say to the lighter parts of the picture to be reproduced by the smallest dots and the smallest current corresponding to the darkest parts rt' the picture to be reproduced by the largest t ots.

The pencil of light or heat rays may bestationary and be produced by the aid of a lamp and a suitable condensing arrangement, the picture being arranged to more behind a screen haringen aperture therein through which the pencil of rays pass, and the light or heat sensithe medium or device be arranged behind the picture, opposite the aperture, and be included in an electric circuit. The picture, say in the form of a positive or negative photographic film on a Celluloid or other transparent base, may be in the form ota cylinder, or be applied to a transparent cylinder, that is intermittently or uniformly rotated and gradually moved endways so that the pencil of rays will follow a helical path on the picture and ultimately traverse all portions of the latter. Or the picture may be moved endways and slightly sideways alternately, in an intermittent or uniform manner, so thatthe pencil of rays will travel along a zig-zag course over the picture. In each case, the rays willv pass in varying degrees through the different parts of the picture and impinge to varying degrees on the sensitive medium so as correspondingly to affect the strength of current in the electric circuit referred to and in an electro-magnetic device associated therewith. The electromagnetic device may conveniently be inthe form of an ammeter7 the pointer or arm of which will take up a position corresponding to the strength, for the time being, of the current in the electric circuit referred to, and depending, at the moment, upon the density of the portion of the picture being dealt with. As the variation of current Will usually. be small 4and the movements of the pointer or arm correspondigly small, it will usually be desirable to utilize the movement of the said arm to control apparatus adapted to produce amplilied movements of another movable arm in accordance with the movements of the first mentioned arm. The extreme positions of the movable arm may, in either case, be ad justed to thel maximum and minimum degrecs of light and shade in the picture to be reproduced. The intermediate positions or stages of movementof the arm may, in e'lect, be divided int'o any suitable number, say four, by using a number of broad spring controlled eelers arranged circumferentially in relation to the path ot the movable arm and so that they can move in a plane containing the axis about which the arm turns in order that when they are allowed to move, one or more of them will be arrested by such arm in such manner that it or they will not tend to turn the arm one way or the other.

For punching perforations in a tape according to a code corresponding to the different spring controlled feelers selected by the arm moved under the control of the electro-magnetic device, the said eelers, which may be in the torni of levers, may be placed under the control of releasing and returning means that alternately releases them, so that Vthey are free to-move towards the arm, and afterwards return them to normal position, the said feelers being adapted to control tape punching mechanism in accordance with their relative positions. Such mechanism may, for example,.be similar in character,

to the tape punching mechanism described in the specification of Letters Patent No. 1,572),- 087, when adapted to punch tape according to a three or other multiple unit system, the feelers referred to, taking the place of the key levers used in the said mechanism. In this case, during the working of the apparatus, the movable arm will take up varying positions corresponding to the varying strength of the current for the time being in the electric circuit, and depending upon the varying densities of the picture being explored, the set of spring controlled feelers will be released at regular intervals and the feeler or feelers that. is or are at the moment of release opposite the arm, will be prevented thereby from moving or moving to its or their full extent, while the others will` be lett free and will move tol their full extent', with the result that the combination bars used in the punching apparatus will be relatively set to bring about the punching of perforations in a tape corresponding to the particular position of the arm at the moment the eelers were released,

the operation being repeatedat regular .intervals, corresponding to successive positions ot the picture relative to theaperture through which the pencil of energy rays pass. In this `way, the number and position of the perforations punched in the tape asv a result of each setting of the combination bars, will correspond to the particular position of the movable arm at the time when the feelers are'released and consequentlyto the particular degree of density ot the picture being dealt with at the time.

The punched tapethns produced can afterwards be used as and When desired to transmaterial upon whic mit in the ordinary way and it may be, by known transmitting means, as for instance a VVheatstore transmitter, electric signals or impulses, according vto the predetermined code, to telegraphic receiving' and printing apparatus which may also be of known kind, adapted to print characters on a sheet of paper or the like, except that instead of printing letters or other characters, it must be adapted to print dots of different sizes, according to the code and corresponding to the different degrees of density of thepicture to be reproduced, as hereinafter more fully described.

In the accompanying illustrative drawings, Fig. A1 is a plan view, showing diagrammatically, one construction of apparatus adapted to pcrforate a tape, according to a predetermined code dependent u'pon a definite number of varying degrees offdensity of a picture to be reproduced in .accordance with the invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation taken on the line II-II of Fig. `1. Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are detail views showing parts of the apparatus. Fig. 6 shows a piece of tape, perforated according to the invention. Fig.7 shows inend view, a printing wheel used in telegraphic receiving and printing apparatus for reproducing a picture according to the invention;

1 is a cylinder of Glass or other transparent the picture 2 to be reproduced, consistingfor example of aI photographic positive or negative on a transparent base or lm, is mounted. The cylinder is fixed to a shaft 3 that is adapted to be slowly rotated in a continuous manner from an electric motor 4 through 'suitable driving mechanism, as for example a shaft 5, toothed gearing 6, a second shaft 7, bevel gearing 8, third shaft 9 and worm gearing comprising a worm 10 on shaft 9 and a worm wheel 11. The latter wheel is connected to the shaft 3 by a key in the wheel fitting a keyway in the shaft so that the latter will be rotated by the wheel 11 but can move endways therethrough. The diameter of the cylinder 1 and the value .of the worm gearing 10-11 may be such that the cylinder 1, will, for example, be turned through about one sixtieth of aninch on thecircumference thereof for each rotation of the second shaft 7.

The cylinder Lis moved endways in a slow and continuous manner by forming a portion of the shaft 3 to which it is fixed, with a fine screw thread 3a, having say sixty threads to the inch, and arranging suchscrew threaded portion of the shaft to work through a stationary nut 12 so that it will move the cylinder endways one sixtieth of an inch for each rot-ation thereof. 14 is 'a stationary opaque screen having a small aperture 15 through which a pencil of light rays16 proceeding from any suitable light source 17 and condensed by suitable optical means 18, is caused to impinge upon the adjacent portion of the picture 2 on the cylinder 1, the amount of light energy passing through the picture at yany time depending upon the density` of the vparticular portion of the icture moving past the said aperture. 19 1s a light sensitivev device, for instance a seleni-` suitable kind and include an electric cir-' cuit 20 comprising a battery 21, an adjust-` able resistance 22 and an electro-magnetic device -23. This device may advantageously be of the well known kind used with electric land or submarine cables for detecting small electri-cforcesfand which for this purpose comprises a fioating coil 24 arranged between the pole pieces N, S of a permanent magnet, and a stationary iron core arranged within the coil.Y 25 is an arm fixed to and movedby the coil to varying extents, according to the strength of the current passing through it. It is this movable arm which is used to control the operation of tape punching mechanism in accordance with the invention. As the varying current in the circuit 20 will usually be a small one, the movements of the arm 25 will also be small. It is therefore desirable to provide a second arm 25a having a sufficiently large angular movement to enable the tape punching mechanism to be readily controlled thereby, and to provide between the main andsupplementary arms 25 and v25a some suitable apparatus capable in effect of amplifying the small movement-s ofthe main arm 25 and producing a large movement of the supplementary arm 25, F o`r this purpose, in the example shown, there is arranged between the two arms 25-and 25a apparatus of the kind described. in the specification of British Letters Patent No". 256 285 and which, briefly described, comprises a number of fluid pressure receivers 26, 26a and 2Gb to each of which fluid under pressure is admitted at a sui table rate, and each of which is provided with an outlet nozzle 27, 2 7a or 27, and pressure responsive means, such as a piston 28 (F ig. 4'), subject to the variation in fluid pressure within the corresponding receiver and motion amplifying means such as a lever 29. The niovable arm 25 is arranged to control the flow of fiuid under pressure from the first receiver 2 6 and the pressure responsive device 28 in that receiver is arranged, by means of a baffling device 3()a carried thereby, to control the outlet of fluid under pressure through the nozzle 27,

from the next receiver 26a, the pressure responsive device in which is providedwith a baffling device 30b which controls the outlet of fluid under pressure through the nozzle ot the movable arm 25 and 27 of the third receiver 26", the pressure responsive device of which ycarriesan abutment device 30C adapt-ed, through a rod or strut 3l, to move the lever 29, which is pivotcd at 29, in one direction against the action of a spring 32 which acts to move it in the opposite direction, according to the varying Huid pressure in the receivers, all as described in the specification of the said British Letters Patent No. 256,285. In this way the angular movement of the lever 29 will be considerably increased as compared with that will be operated by considerable force. The subsidiary arm 25EL for directly controlling the tape punching mechanism, ispivot'ed at 25h and moved in one direction or the other through a link 33 from the motion amplifying lever 29;

The tape punching mechanism comprises a number of ingers, four in the example shown, in the form of levers 34, 34a, 34", 34, each mounted to turn on a stationary spindle 35 and each provided on its lower side wit-h a projection 34* ifor a purpose herein* after described. Each linger is connected to a spring 36 which normally holds it against one arm of a lever 37 pivot-ed at 37* and having a second arm 37a. This latter arm is connected by a link 38 to one arm 39 of a lever pivoted at 40 and the other arm 39a of which is provided with a roller 41. This roller is arranged to bear against t-he periphery ot a came disc 42. This disc is fixed on a sleeve '7"al ixed on the rotary shaft 7l (hereinafter called the cam shaft). The periphery of the disc is formed with a recess 42L into which the roller 41 will be orced'by the action ot a spring 43 connected tothe lever 39, when the two come opposite each other during a part of each rotation of the cam shaft. By this means the lever 37937 will be turned about its pivot 37* and depress the arm 37 of Vsuch lever so as then `to leave the fingers 34, 34a, 34", 34 :tree to fall. The said lever 537--37a is moved into the positionV shown in Fig. 2, against the Aaction of the said spring 43, by the concentric portion of the said cam 42 so as to cause the lever arm 37 to raise the said iingers to the normal position shown in Fig. 2.' The movable arm 25a 'is arranged to move under the free ends of the several iingers and above a stationary support 44. 45 are vertically movableTshaped locking members Vof sheet meta-l corresponding in number 'to the fingers 34--34c and arranged to co act with suitably guided notched combination bars 46 of which there are three in the present example. The locking members 45 are raised to their inoperative positions above the combination bars 46 by one arm 47 of a two armed lever 4747*l pivoted at 48. The said arm 47 is in the form of a platey that extendsyunder all the T shaped members'45, and is connected to a spring 49 that tends to depress it. 'Each of the said locking members 45 is guided by a stationary guide 50 and is adapted to be moved downwardly by a spring 5l connected to one arm 52 of a lever pivoted at 53, and the other arm 5.2u ot' which is j lis held against an uji wardly extending arm 34A ot the corresponding finger fill-34c by a spring 55 and 1s normally held opposite a notch 45a 1n the corresponding locking member 45 so as topermit the said member being moved downward by its spring 51 when released by the downward movement of the arm 47 ot the lever 47, 47a. When the stop arm 54 is turned to the right, so that its upper end is brought under the portion 45" of the locking member 45, the latter member is prevented t'rom being` moved downward by its spring 51 when released by the lever 47-47 This lever is movedquickly in one direction, about its pivot at 48, by a cam projectiony 56a on a collar 5G on the cam sleeve 7a engaging a roller 47" on the lever arm 47 a once during each rotation ot the saidsieeve to raise the lockingl members 45 clear of the combination Vbars 46 against the action of the spring 4S) which afterward moves the said lever 47--47a into a position to release the said locking members and allow them to tall into engagement with the notched combination bars 46 if they be not held in their raised positions by the stop armsv54. 4The underside of the portion 45b of each locking member 45 may be slightly recessed as shown to preventthe corresponding. stop arm 54 when' engaged therewith, being accidentally withdrawn therefrom by its spring 55. before fthe said locking member is positively raised by the lever 47 4r-7a.

The combination bars 46 are each provided (sec Fig. 5) on itslower side with a'projection 58 with which normally engages one arm 59 of a bar returning lever pivoted at 60 and the other arm 59EL of which is arranged to be operated by a cam groove 61 in the cam sleeve 7a (Fig l). Arranged in line with the respective combination -bars 46 are punches a guide passage 72 for the tape to be perforated. 73 is a tape feed wheel fixed on a vertical spindle 74 and adapted to be rotated in lanintermittent manner by a spring controlledpawl 7 6 which engages a ratchet wheel ixed on the said spindle 74 adjacent to the feed wheel 78. The pawl is pivoted to a lever arm 77 journalled on the spindle and opertance yequal tothree feed holes. after eachv punching operation and to move backward independent of th'e'ratchet wheel during each punching operation.` 84 isa stationarypin that prevents the punches 62 being moved to he `left (Fig. by the punch block 63.

The operation of the tape punching mechanism under the control of the .movable varm 25, which isV itself under the control of the electro-magnetic device 23 and movable arm 25` as hereinbefore described, is as follows Assuming that the various parts are at rest in the positions shown in Figs. 1 and 2, that fluid under pressure is being admitted to the fluidpressurereceivers 26l` 26*1 and 26b and is issuing from the ,nozzles thereof at a predetermined rate. and that the main and subsid- 'iary arms 25 and 25 are in* the position shown, then` upon starting the motor 4 the screw threaded shaft 3 and cam shaft 7l will be set in motion. The rotation and endways motion of the.shaft3 and of the attached cylinder 1 will cause yeach portion of the picture 2 to' be\brought between the aperture 15 in the screen 14 and the selenium cell 19 and across the path ofthe pencil 1-6 of light rays soitliat the latter will pass in varying degrees through the successive portions of the picturefaccording to the density thereof.

The varying-degrees of current thereby set up in the circuit2'0 and electro-magnetic device '23 Willfcause varying angular movements of the main movable arm 25 and bring about variation in the rate of flow fromthe fluid pressure receivers and cause a comparatively large angulaimovement to b'e imparted to the subsidiary movable arm 25a. This arm can be adjusted so that its extreme positions will correspond with the extreme conditions `of density in the picture 2 to be reproduced and with minimum and maximum current in the circuit 20. The cam sleeve 7 a ward position by the is caused to make one revolution each time the cylinder 1 moves through one' sixtieth of an inch, measured in a rotaryy direction'on its circumference, taken. In the position of the parts of the mechanism shown in Fig. 2, the combination bars 46 are held in their forward or left hand position (Fig. vl) by the returning lever 59-59JL with theirforward ends adjacent to the rear ends of the punches 62 in the punchl block 63 which has been moved into itsfor- (3S-68n and link 67, and the cam-projection 56fon the cam collar 56 on the cam sleeve 7 has just acted to cause the lever 47, 47 to raise t ie locking members 45 above the combinatirn bars 46. The recess 42a inthe cam 42 tlen comes into position to permit thel as assumed in the examplecam operating lever `0f the corresponding locking members 45 andpreve'nts the same descending under the action of their springs 51, whereas the finger or each linger arrested by the arm 25 leaves-its corresponding locking member 45 free to descend, under the action of its spring 51,. and engage the corresponding combination bar. or bars 46 so as to prevent backward movement thereof, that is to say, to the right inA Fig. 1. The combination barsare thus held to form a combination corresponding to the particular position at the moment, of the movable arm 25a and thereforeto. the density of the particular portion ofthe picture then being dealt with. The arm 59 of the return lever 59--59a is then moved backward by the cam groove 61 so as to leave the combination bar or bars 46 not locked in position by locking members 45, free to 'movebackward and the fingers are then-returned to normal by the lever 37-371L so asv to release the arm 25a. The punch block `63 istheri moved rearward by the cam groove 70, lever (S8-68 and link 67 to force the portion of the tape in the guideway 7 2 that is opposite 100 the punches, against such punchesso. that it vwill be perforated by the punch or punches l62 held stationary by the locked combination punches being moved beyond theirproper A normal forward position, the tape feed mechanism is operated to move the tape'forward sufficiently forv the next punching operation,

and the returning lever 59-59 is-operated to return the displaced combination bar 'or 115.

bars to its or their normal forward po`sition. The foregoing operations are then repeated on the next revolution of the cam shaft 7 and sleeve 7 a. As hereinbefore stated, the cylin -der 1 is arranged to be turned through Say 120 about one sixtieth of an inch on the circumference thereof for each rotation of the shaft 7. Consequently sixty punching operations Wi l ybe 'made under the control of. the cam slet I s 7 Whilst one inch of the picture is 125 pass ng through. the pencil of light rays 16, the diameter of which may also be equal to about one sixtieth of an inch in thel example taken.

With thefour ngers 34,34, 34", and 34c 130 i corresponding to the movable arm a being below finger 34 or fingers 344-34, or below 84a, or 34 and 34h, or below 34",'011 341 and 34, corresponding to the six degrees of density in the picture to be dealt with. B are the ordinary feed holes in the tape A.

The punched tape thus producedcan be used in known way, for transmitting electric impulses or signa s to combined telegraphic receiving and printing apparatus of any known or suitable kind. Forthis purpose, a Wheatstone transmitter may be used, which, owing to all the perforations in lthe tape being on one side of the row of feed holes B therein, will have one of the peckers, say the negative peeker, ordinarily used in such a transmitter, omitted. In this case a dot signal will be transmitted for every perforation w punched in the upper portion of the tape..

The receiving and printing apparatus Vusedmay conveniently be of the kind described in the specification of British Letters Patent No. 228,842, except that the printing wheel used in such apparatus, will only require a few printing levers, namely six in the example now being described, each provided with a dierent sized pin or projection for printing dots, the different sizes of the dots so printed corresponding in area with the different densities in the original picture. Fig. 7 shows a printing wheel 85 thus modified, 86 being the rinting pins of"di`erent diameters carried y the printing levers 87 pivoted on the said wheel. Also, the sheet of paper or other medium on which the pins are caused to print during the operation of lthe apparatus, should be arranged to be moved so that the reproduced picture represented by dots shall correspond faithfully with the original picture.

Thus, the printing of successive lines of dots of different sizes may be made on a web or sheet of paper carried by a cylinder that is moved longitudinally, lin a stepby step manner in a forward direction past the printingwheel (Fig. 7) until a line of dots of a length correspondingto the circumferential length of the picture 2 on the cylinder lof Fig. 1 has been printed, the paperccarrying c linder being then, on the receipt of a special signal for the purpojse, caused rapidly to return to its initial starting position and be turned through a distance of one sixtieth of an .inch and then again moved forward. to print another line of dots, each line oi? dots corresponding in length to one revolutlon of the picture carrying cylinder. The paper carrying cylinder and the' mechanismfor operating and controlling the same, may be similar to that described in the specification of British Letters Patent No. 240,200. The

of thetape punching mechanism shown in 7 Fig. 1 a stop bar 85 adapted, at the end of each revolution of the picture carrying cylinder 1,

to be moved below the downward projections 34)" carried by the said fingers so as to prevent all the'fingers falling when released by the downward movement of the arm 37 of the lever 37--8752- Consequently, when the locking bars 45 are ,released by the descent of thc locking bars can rbe moved downward by their springs 51 to'lock all the combination bars 46 in position and. enable the three punches 62 to punch .a special set of perforationsfz' in the tape A (Fig. 6) to form the specialsignal for bringing about the automatic return of the printing cylinder` and the rotary feed motion of the cylinder, hereinbeforel referred to. i The stop bar 85 may be operated by the armature86 of an electro-magnet87 the winding' of which is included in an electric circuit 88 that is adapted to be closed "through two spring linger-s or brushes 89 and 90 at the re-' quired times, namely at the end of each rotation of the cylinder 1, by an insulated contact 91 carried by an insulating disc 92 (Figs. 1 and 3) carried by and rotating with the worm wheel 11 (Fig. 1). The contact 91 should be of such length that contact with the fingers of vbrushes 89 and 90 will only be made during the tape and causing the rapid return and partial rotation oithe paper cylinder used in the printing apparatus to its original position for printing another line of dots, shall become effective each time aline of printed dots corresponding in length to the circumferential length of the picture cylinder 1, is completed.

The electric impulses or signals transmitted by the punched tape instead of being used directly to operate receiving and printing apparatus, as desired, may be used to produce punched tape corresponding to thel 195 original punched tape and which can be used to operate or control printing apparatus having a printing wheel and paper moving cylinder ofthe kind hereinbefore referred to. Examples of punching apparatus that may 130 fraA Patents No. 1,534,164 and No. leaders, uieprinting wheel of such apparatus being modified as hereinbefore described and as shown in Fig. T to print dots of diderent sizes.' v

IVlien reproducing black or'opaque line drawings, diagrams, curves and the like,

drawn, printed or otherwise produced on a transparent base, a current will be set up in the affiircsaid circuit Q0 only when the light or heat rays pass through transparent portions of the drawing or the like and no cuirent will fiow through the circuit whilst a portion of the black or opaque line drawing intercepts therays. In this case an intermittent current of constant strength with variable periods of no current will result. The reproducing apparatus may lin this case be modified, to suit, as the movable arms 25 and 25a will have only two positions.

Various modifications may be adopted in carrying` out the invention. For instance, the light or heat rays instead of being passed through the different parts of the picture to be reproduced, may be reflected therefrom on to the light or heat sensitive device, for use in the manner liereinbefore described.

IVliat I claim is l. For the production of punched tape for 'the purpose set forth, apparatus comprising a movable arm, electro-magnetic means adapted to move said arm to different positions correspoiidiiig to different degrees of density in the picture to be reproduced, mechanically operated vpunching mechanism adapted to produce on a tape perforations in accordance with a predetermined code, depending upon a selected number of degrees of density Vin the picture to be reproduced, and mechanical means vcontrolled by said movable arm and adapted to control said punching mechanism to effect selective oper.- ati'on thereof in accordance with the position from time to time of said arm.

2. For the production of punched tape for .use in the reproduction of pictures at a dis` tance by. telegraphy, apparatus comprising` an electric circuit, an electromagnetic device "controlled by current traversing said circuit,

means for determining different degreesof density in the picture to be reproduced and thereby varying the strength of the current in said circuit, an arm adapted to be moved by said electro-magnetic device to different degrees corresponding to different degrees of density in the picture to be reproduced, mechanically operated punching mechanism adapted to produce in a tape, perforations combination bars adapted to hold said in accordance with a predetermined code, depending upon -aselected number of degrees of density in tlie picturento be reproduced, said mechanism comprising a set of punches,

punches stationary or leave them free to bey moved endWays, a punch block adapted to move endways in relation to a punch or punches-held stationaryy by a combination bar or bars andhavingl a guideway therein for tape to be rinted, and means for feeding tape intermittently through said guidey way and mechanical means controlled by -said movable arm and adapted to, control said combination bars" to effect selective CIJ vaction thereof in accordance with the posidistance by the aid of telegiaphy, tape-perfoiating apparatus comprising an angular'ly 85 movable member, electro-magnetic means adapted to move such member to vary angular extents, a second angularly movable meinber, means adapted to cause the second named member to move synchronously With the first named member but to an amplified extent, and punching mechanism adapted to be controlled by the said second member, substantially as described. l

4. For theproduction of punched tape for the purpose set forth, apparatus comprising a movable arm, electro-magnetic means adapted to movesaid arm to different positions corresponding to different degrees of density. in the picture to be reproduced, inechanically operated punching 'mechanism adapted to produce in a tape, perforations in accordance with a predetermined code, depending f. upon a selected number of degrees of density in the picture to be reproduced, a second arm adapted to control said punching mechanism to effect selective operation thereof in accordance with the varying position of said second arm and means whereby said second arm can be moved syn- 11o chronously With the first mentioned arm but to an amplified extent.

5. For kthe production of punched tape for the purpose set forth, apparatus comprising a movable` arm, electro-magnetic means adapted to move said arm to `different positions corresponding to different degrees of density in the picture to be reproduced, me-

ychanically operated punching mechanism tioned arm but to an amplified extent.

6. For the production of punched tape for the purpose set forth, apparatus comprising means for supporting'a picture to he reproduced, an' electric circuit, a medium, sensitive to rays of energy included in said circuit, an l electro-magnetic device having a Winding also included in said circuit, means for producing a pencil of rays of energy, means wherebyy said support and a picture thereon can be moved relatively to the pencil of rays and across the path thereof so that said pencil of rays will explore successively all portions' of said picture and affect the said niedium sensitive thereto in varying degrees according tothe varying density of successive portions of the picture and produce a corresponding varying current in said circuit, an' arm adapted to be moved by said electro-l magnetic device into different positions corresponding to the variations iny liow of current in said circuit tape punching mechanism comprising a set of punches, combination, bars adapted to hold -said punches station` mined code dependent upon and representa- 'tive of varying degrees of density in the picture.

7. For the production of punched tape for the purpose set forth, apparatus comprising Vmeans for supporting a picture to be reproduced, an electric circuit, a medium, sensitive to rays of energy included in said circuit, an

electro-magnetic device having a floating coil included in said circuit and mounted to oscillate in the field of said electro-magnetic device, means for producing a pencil of rays of energy, means whereby said support and a `picture thereon can be moved relatively to the pencil of rays and across the path thereof so that said pencil of rays will explore successively all portions of saidipicture and affeet the said medium sensitive thereto onV varying degrees according to the varyingdensity of successive portions of the picture and produce a corresponding varying current in said circuit, an arm adapted to he moved by said floating coil into different positions corresponding .to the variations in flow of current in said circuit tape punching mechanism comprising a set of punches, combination bars adapted to lioldsaid punches stationary or to leave them free to be moved endways, a'motor operated punch block arranged to be moved endvvays in relation' to a punchior punches held stationary by a combination bar or bars and having a guideway therein for tape, means for feeding tape in-w termittently through* said guideway, and means, under the control of said arm,' adapted to hold one or more of said combination bars stationary and enable perforations to be produced in a tape, according to apredetermined code dependent upon and representative of varying degrees of density in the picture.

8. For the production Aof punched tape for the purpose set forth, apparatus comprising means for supporting a picture to be reprodu'ced, an electric circuit, a medium, sensitive to rays of energy, included in said circuit, an electro-magnetic device having a iioating coil also included in said circuit means for producino' a pencil of rays of energy, means where y said support and a picture thereon can be moved relatively to the pencil-of rays and acrossthe path thereof so that said pencil of rays will explore successively all portions of said picture and affect the said medium sensitive thereto in .varying degrees according to the varying density of successive portions of .the picture and produce a corresponding varying current in-said circuit, mechanically actuated tape punching mechanism and an arm adapted to be moved by said floating coil into different positions corresponding to the variations in flow of current in said circuit, a second movable arm adapted to control mechanically the punching action of said tape punching mechanism and enable J perforations to be produced in a tape, according to a predetermined code dependent upon and representative ofvvarying degrees of density in the picture, and a mechanical relay controlled by the first mentioned arm and adapted to move the secondly mentioned arm in synchronism therewith but to an amplified extent. l

y 9. For the production of punched tape for the purpose set forth, apparatus comprising a cylinder for carrying the picture to be reproduced, niechanically operated tape punching mechanism, a motor driven shaft, cams on said shaft'adapted to effect the setting and operation of thepunching mechanism at each rotation of said shaft, mechanism adapted to rotate said cylinder from said shaft but at a slower speed tlian`said shaft so that it makes 'only a small part of a revolution for each operation of the punching mechanism, an electric circuit, a medium sensitive to rays of energy, included in said circuit, an electroi 50i cally actuated and controlled tape punching punching mechanism to effect selective operation thereof in accordance with the position,

from time to time, of said arm.

l0. For the production of punched tape for the purpose set forth, mechanically actuated andcontrolled punching mechanism comprising a number of punches, combination 'bars'adapted to hold said `punches stationary "sity of successive portions of the picture to be reproduced at a distance' and produce variation in the strength of the current flowing in said circuit, dependent upon the varying degrees of density in the picture, an arm movable by said Winding to varying positions dependent for the time being on the strength of current in said circuit, setting means for controlling the endways position Yof the combina-tion bars inthe tape punching mechanism, a-series of levers adapted to move towards and from said movable arm and releasing and returning means adapted alternately to release the levers so that they are free to move towards said arm and afterwards to return said arms to normal position, said levers when so' released, being adapted, under the control of sav-id arm and according to their then relative positions to determine which punch or punches shall be brought into action to punch a hole or holes in the tape corresponding to the position, for the time being, of said arm. i 1l'. For the production of punched tap for the purpose set forth, apparatus comprising an electric circuit, an electro-magnetic device having a movable coil arranged in said circuit, an arm movable by said coil, means adapted. to causevariation of current flow in said circuit and coil corresponding to different degrees of density of successive porftion of a picture and thereby cause corresponding movements of said arm, mechanimechanism, a spring controlled second movable arm, means -under the control of said second movable arm adapted according to varying position of lsaid arm mechanically to suchv mechanism Will be caused to punch in atape, holes according Yto a code combination corresponding to the varying degrees of density of successive portions of a picture, and a mechanical relay adapted to cause the second arm to move synchronously with the -first arm but to an amplified extent, said relay comprising fluid pressure receivers each having an inlet and an outlet for fluid under pressure, an endw'ays movablepiston therein and movable means for baffling the.

exit of fluid from each receiver, the bafliing means for the. first receiver being .constituted by the first mentioned arm carried by said movable coil and the baffling means for each successivevreceiver being operated by the piston ofthe preceding receiver, and the piston of the 'last receiver being adapted to move said second arm against the action of its controlling spring,ysubstantially as described.

12. In the production of punchedtape for the purpose set forth, apparatusicomp'rising an electric circuit, an electro-magnetic ldevice arranged in said circuit, means adapted to cause variations of current flow in said circuit and electro-magnetic device corresponding to different degrees of density in successive portions of a picture, an arm adapted to take up differentangular positions dependent upon the varying strength of current in said circuit and mechanical]yoperated ,ape perforating mechanism vcontrolled byillsaid arm and comprising a set of tape perforating punches, a punch block, n combination bars adapted to resist punch movement, motor i mechanism adapted to move said punch block in relation to one or more punches held stationary by one or more combination bars, locking members normally disengaged from said combination bars, a series of pivotal lingers at least equal in number to the combinationbars, stop arms pivoted to the fingers and normally adapted to offer noobstr'ucico tion to movement of the locking members, a

device for supporting the several fingers lso that all the locking members occupy their initial position, `and means for displacing the finger-supporting device said angularly movable arm being adapted to prevent displacement of all the fingers at a time, the fingers that are displaced permitting movement of the stoparms into position to obstruct th corresponding locking member. t 13. For the production of punched tape for the purpose set forth, apparatus comprising an electric circuit, an electro-magnetic device arranged in said circuit and having la movable member,lmeans adapted to cause variations of current flow in said circuit and electro-magnetic device corresponding to different degrees of density of successive portions of -a picture and thereby cause corresponding movements of the movable member .of said electro-magnetic device,- an arm adapted to be moved to varying angular positions in accordance withgvarying movement 'controlled by the secondly mentioned arm and comprisinga set of tape perforating punches, a punch block, combination bars4 movement of the locking members, a device for supporti-ng the several fingers so that all the locking members occupy their initial position, and means for displacing the finger supporting device, the said second angularly movable arm being adapted to prevent displacement of all the fingers ata time.

Signed at Paris, France, this fourth day of February, 1926.

i FREDERICK GEORGE oREED. 

